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polaroids.

It is a device which is used to produce the plane polarised light. It is based on the principle of selective absorption and more effective than the tourmaline crystal. Polaroid allows the light oscillations parallel to the transmission axis to pass through them. The crystal or polaroid on which the unpolarised light is incident is called polariser. Crystal or polaroid on which polarised light is incident is called analyser.

angle of contact.

It is defined as the angle between the tangent to the liquid surface at the point of contact and solid surface inside the liquid is called as angle of contact  The value of angle of contact depends upon  (i) Nature of solid and liquid in contact  (ii) Cleanliness of the surface in contact  (iii) Medium above the free surface of liquid 

Elastic hysteresis.

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The loop formed by loading and unloading the wire is called hysteresis loop.

average value of sinx in the interval [0,π] is

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integration of tanz over |z|=1

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carbon nanotube.

Carbon nanotube(CNT) is an allotrope of carbon. There are two types of CNT namely single walled carbon nanotube(SWNT) and multi walled carbon nanotube(MWNT). Single walled carbon nanotube is a one thick sheet of graphite(graphene) rolled up into a seamless cylinder with diameter of the order of a nanometer. In SWNT the length to diameter exceeds 1,000000. Multi walled carbon nanotube is made up of a number of concentric tubes.