Eigen values & eigen vectors.
Let A be a square matrix of order n, then the values of λ for which the equation Ax=λx has non-trival solutions are called the eigen values of A. If λ is an eigen value, then the non-zero vectors x for which the equation Ax= λ x holds, are called the eigen vectors of A. ★ Eigen values are also called characteristics values or proper values. Eigen vectors are also called characteristics vectors or proper vectors.