what is internal conversion ?
A nucleus in the excited state undergo transition to lower energy by directly transforming energy to atomic electron which is emitted. This process is called internal conversion.
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Gamma decay.
The gamma decay is the spontaneous emission of electromagnetic Photon from the nucleus. When the nucleus in the excited state passes through lower emission state or ground state from higher energy state then it emits a high energy Photon known as gamma emission.
1 Rutherford.
Radioactivity of a radioactive substance is said to be one Rutherford, if it's atoms disintegrate at the rate of 10⁶ disintegration per second. 1 Rutherford = 10⁶ dps(disintegration per second)
Artificial Radioactivity.
The phenomenon of spontaneous emission of radiations from the elements much lighter than those occuring in nature by modern techniques of artificial transmutation of elements is known as artificial or induced Radioactivity.
Natural Radioactivity.
The phenomenon of spontaneous emission of powerful radiations exhibited by the heavier elements found in nature is called natural Radioactivity.
Tunnel effect.
According to tunnel effect, if a particle is impinging (means strike) on a barrier, with energy less than the height of the potential barrier, it will not necessarily be reflected by the barrier but there is always a probability to cross the barrier and continue its forward motion.
Range of alpha particles.
The range of α-particles is customarily defined as the distance which these particles travel through air at 76cm of mercury pressure and 15°C temperature before they lose their energy to the extent that they no longer ionise the gas particles. ★The range of α-particles depends upon the following factors (i) Initial velocity of α-particle (ii) Nature of emitting radioactive element (iii) Nature & pressure of the gas or nature of absorber.
Conditions of alpha decay.
The following conservation laws must be obeyed for α-decay ★Conservation of charge and number of nucleons ★Conservation of linear momentum ★Conservation of mass-energy The alpha decay may be represented as:
Discrete spectrum.
Some radioactive substances emit beta particles which produce line spectra (Discrete spectrum) superimposed on the continuous faint background.These are called also secondary spectra.
Half life of radioactive substance.
Answer:- Half life of a radioactive substance is defined as the time during which the number of atoms of the substance are reduced to half their original value.
What is Radioactivity ?
Answer:- The phenomenon by virtue of which a substance spontaneously, disintegrate by emitting certain radiations is called Radioactivity.