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What is relativistic Doppler effect ?

Answer:- It is a phenomenon in which their is a change in frequency of light due to relative motion between source and observer.This effect is observable only when the speed of observer is comparable to speed of light.

Find grad∅ if ∅=log(x²+y²+z²)

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What is conservative field ?

Answer:- A field is said to be a conservative field if the total workdone in moving a particle between two points in that field is independent upon actual path taken and depends only in initial and final position. e.g Electric field, gravitational field

Difference between spherical shell and hallow sphere ?

Answer:- Spherical shells are layers of a sphere at different distance from the centre.If you consider a spherical onion 🧅 it's body is made of different concentric layers.Each layer encloses the other.Each layer is a spherical shell. Hallow sphere is nothing but a thick spherical shell.In hallow sphere a small concentric solid sphere has been removed from the solid sphere.