Duduli

A function f:X→Y is said to be an onto or surjective function if rng   f =f( X)=Y i.e if every element of Y is the image of some element of X. e.g f:Z→Z,  y=f(x)=x+2 is an onto function Because for every y belongs to Z set, x  belongs to Z set also so the given function is an onto function.

A linear map T: U→V is said to be non singular if it is one-one and onto. Such a map is also called an isomorphism.

The hexadecimal number system consist of 16 digits. These digits are 0,1,2,3 ,4,5,6, 7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F. Therefore base of the system is 16.

It is a combinational logic circuit. It is used for subtracting 3 single bit numbers. It has 3 inputs(X,Y & B(in)=Borrow in) from the previous circuit & 2 outputs.[d=difference & B(out )(Borrow output).

A de multiplexer is a combinational logic circuit which receives a single input & distributes it over several output line. Hence a de multiplexer is also known as a distributor since it transmits the signal data to different destination. It is the reverse operation of multiplexers.

Following are the limitations of Rutherford atom model (i) According to electromagnetic theory a revolving electron should continuously emit energy and hence the radius of its path should go on decreasing and ultimately,it should fall into the nucleus. However, electrons revolve around the nucleus without falling in it. Hence, Rutherford atom model cannot explain the stability of atom. (ii) Rutherford model cannot explain line spectra of atoms like hydrogen. Because if the Rutherford atom model is true, the electrons can revolve in orbits of all possible radii hence, it should emit continuous energy spectrum.

A full adder adds two binary bits plus a carry input (Cin) to produce the sum ‘S’ & carry output(C). Block Diagram