Duduli

It is defined as the angle between the tangent to the liquid surface at the point of contact and solid surface inside the liquid is called as angle of contact  The value of angle of contact depends upon  (i) Nature of solid and liquid in contact  (ii) Cleanliness of the surface in contact  (iii) Medium above the free surface of liquid 

The loop formed by loading and unloading the wire is called hysteresis loop.

Carbon nanotube(CNT) is an allotrope of carbon. There are two types of CNT namely single walled carbon nanotube(SWNT) and multi walled carbon nanotube(MWNT). Single walled carbon nanotube is a one thick sheet of graphite(graphene) rolled up into a seamless cylinder with diameter of the order of a nanometer. In SWNT the length to diameter exceeds 1,000000. Multi walled carbon nanotube is made up of a number of concentric tubes.

It is an optical device made from calcite crystal & is used in many optical instruments for producing & analysing plane polarized light. It derives its name from its inventor William Nicol who first designed it 1828. It is based on the phenomenon of double refraction when an unpolarized light ray passes through a calcite crystal it splits into 2 refracted rays i.e o-ray & E-ray. The vibrations of E-ray are in the plane of paper while those of o-ray are perpendicular to plane of paper. Both these rays are plane polarized & are perpendicular to each other. For obtaining only single polarized beam, we should eliminate the other beam. Nicol prism is made in such a way that it eliminates o-ray by TIR & only E-ray comes out of the prism.